Sunday, June 7, 2020
Strange Jobs You Find on Upwork and Other Portals
When it comes to work, thereââ¬â¢s a new game in town. Freelancing is sweeping across the world. People everywhere are saying farewell to their brick and mortar jobs. The new trend is freelance, virtual work, or work from home jobs. Whether youââ¬â¢re looking to freelance part-time to supplement a regular job or to earn a full-time income, there are multiple ways to structure it. Third party freelance sites and job boards are just some options for finding work. Telecommuting, remote work, and even freelancing are not new by any means. But statistics show demand for this work is more prevalent today than ever. And thanks to the advancement of technology, you can find work, interview, get hired, and get paid, without leaving your living room. In fact, youââ¬â¢d be surprised at the variety and strange jobs you find on Upwork and other portals today. For example, freelance writers can get paid to write about subjects from termites to car insurance and from babies to marriage and more. If writing is one of your talents, you can get paid to write blog posts, articles, white papers, website content or sales copy. Writers with an interest in sales can help consumers sort through a plethora of products, by writing product reviews for everything from exercise equipment such as elliptical trainers (find out here howà varied this job can be) to electronicsà and personal hygiene items. Writers with business experience can get paid to write business plans or do other tasks for startup businesses. Some companies even hire freelancers to sift through content to look for and remove any inappropriate content. Businesses know the wrong content can devastate their brand. Can you imagine getting paid to look for and remove nude photos all day? Iââ¬â¢ve also seen online jobs for people to sell hair, rent a friend, or talk to dead pets. You can also find jobs posted for someone to tweet for Miss Piggy, manage Facebook pages for the deceased, or evaluate search engines and webpages. There are also freelance jobs for translators, web designers, graphic designers, data entry, customer service, and much more. Places to Look for Online or Remote Jobs But along with the strange jobs you find on Upwork and other portals, there are good ones too. But finding the gems hiding among the rocks takes effort and skill. With persistence and patience, you can learn to quickly identify and weed out the low paying jobs and scams. Many people have already replaced or even surpassed their full-time job income by providing virtual or freelance services. Whether youââ¬â¢re looking for one of those strange jobs you find on Upwork and other portals or just some plain old customer service, or sales work, below are some places to consider. Industry Specific Job Boards These are job sites that contract directly with employers to list the jobs they have available. You may apply for the job through their site, but you go through the same hiring process with the company as any other employee. You typically have no obligation to the job board and are not charged a fee or asked to enter any kind of contract. The interview and hiring process is all handled by the client company. The difference between industry specific job boards and job aggregator sites is the direct contact with employers and the narrow industry focus. ââ" Stack Overflow (programming jobs from Twitter, Amazon, The New York Times) ââ" Authentic Jobs (for hackers, creatives, and designers) ââ" AngelList (jobs with startups) ââ" Dribbble (for visual creatives) ââ" Krop (for product managers, copywriters, social media managers, etc.) ââ" Women Who Code (caters to women looking for tech related jobs) ââ" Mediabistro.com (social media, PR, TV, radio, advertising, and publishing) ââ" OneWire.com (financial services, tech and consulting firms, insurance, accounting) Third-Party Freelance Sites These sites act as a middleman between the client or employer and the employee or independent contractor. They provide an online platform where employers can post jobs and freelancers and job seekers can search jobs. These sites usually require all earnings to go through their site and they take a percentage or charge a fee to both the freelancer and the employer. By using the platform, both the employer and the freelancer enter into a contract agreement. The third-party site handles all invoicing and collection of funds and may sometimes charge a membership fee or have a buyout fee for freelancers who want to work with their client outside of the platform. ââ" Upwork.com ââ" TopTal.com ââ" Freelancer.com ââ" FlexJobs.com ââ" 99designs.com Aggregate Job Listing Sites A job aggregator is like an automated Google search focused on job postings. When you sign in to these sites, you can put in your search criteria and the job aggregator pulls jobs from many different job boards and sometimes even company websites and lists them for your to view. The aggregate site typically has no connection with the companies or any additional details about the job. In fact, some jobs may be outdated or no longer available but still show up in the search. ââ" Indeed.com ââ" TopUSAjobs.com ââ" SimplyHired.com Professional Networking Sites The largest of is of course, LinkedIn.com. Professional networking sites are designed to facilitate connections between colleagues and professionals with similar skills and interests. These sites allow you to create a profile and then connect to people you work with or have gone to school with or otherwise have a relationship with. The idea is that the more people you network with, the more people who know your skills, the more likely it is that they will think of you when a job becomes available. ââ" LinkedIn ââ" JobFox ââ" Visual CV ââ" Plaxo (integrates with Simply Hired) So, if youââ¬â¢re itching to break out of the 9 to 5 rat race inherent to most brick and mortar jobs, freelancing or virtual work might be the ticket. Or if youââ¬â¢re not yet ready to make that leap, consider including some third-party platforms or networking sites in your next job search plan. If youââ¬â¢re looking specifically for online or remote work, most job boards and aggregate sites include advanced search filters or categories that are helpful. Use categories or filters such as freelance, virtual, remote, flexible, and off-site will narrow your search results to companies who are amenable to virtual workers. In todayââ¬â¢s hire and fire at will job market, it certainly doesnââ¬â¢t hurt to begin building and nurturing your professional network. If you start now, you can relax a bit, knowing itââ¬â¢s there if you ever need it.
Sunday, May 17, 2020
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Physical Consequences of Impoverished Families - 1480 Words
Within recent years obesity has become a major deal in society. Obesity does not only affect peopleââ¬â¢s physical lifestyles but also peopleââ¬â¢s mental lifestyles as well. People are beginning to ask why the current generation is struggling with overweight issues so much more than previous generations have struggled with it. Many people who have studied the issue of obesity and improper nutrition have credited the issue to laziness and unhealthy eating styles. The solution to this problem is not as easy as it might seem. One might think that being more active and eating healthier is an easy fix to the problem of obesity; however, the solution is much more complicated. People tend to blame obesity on people making wrong lifestyleâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦children 10 to 17 years old between 2003 and 2007, but by 23 percent during the same time period for low-income children. This national study of more than 40,000 children also found that in 2007, children from lowe r income households had more than two times higher odds of being obese than children from higher income households (Food Research and Action Center, 2010). Obesity is not the only consequence from eating meals that do not provide the proper nutrition. Another consequence from impoverish families constantly eating unhealthy meals is the impact it has on the children in their schoolwork. Studies have proven that children who are fueled with properly nutritious food retain more information during school than kids who do not eat healthy meals (Food Research and Action Center, 2010). When impoverished parents cannot provide healthy foods to their children, the children are forced to attend school with food in their bodies that does not provide adequate nutrition needed for learning. This places the children from impoverished families at a major disadvantage in education. There is a good chance that by not being able to focus during school these children will fall behind in their st udies by missing an important teaching lesson they could of learned if they had been fueled by proper food. The farther and farther in education these children reach, the more they will fall behind because they did not learn the basics at an early age. With aShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse : A Social Problem1608 Words à |à 7 Pagesdifference between addiction and substance abuse, the prevalence in the United States, the sociological causes, and the individual and sociological consequences of this social problem. Before getting into further details regarding the causes and consequences of substance abuse, it is important to understand how it differs from addiction. ââ¬Å"Addiction refers to a physical as well as psychological dependence on a substanceâ⬠(Reasons). 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Poor nutritional status is both a cause and a consequence of low economic status. In order to assist Ecuador achieve improvedRead MoreTeen Pregnancy : A Social Issue1371 Words à |à 6 Pagesbehalf, a lack family/parental support, and unemployment. A childââ¬â¢s educational performance, inappropriate sexual acts, and inferior apprehensions about their futures play a vital role in teen pregnancies as well. Amongst the listed disadvantages the three that take precedent are lacks of family communication, sexual abuse, and poverty. Furthermore, teen mothers do not fit the ideal ideology of the normative scheduling of motherhood, therefore, ultimately resulting in negative consequences for them andRead MoreThe St. Francis Xavier Secondary School Deca1250 Words à |à 5 Pages(M4M)â⬠, is a not-for-profit campaign which is dedicated to eliminating hunger within impove rished communities internationally. 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Skills and employability requirements of today free essay sample
Todayââ¬â¢s workplace demands that entry-level workers be able to operate independently, using problem-solving and decision-making skills. The need for worker collaboration and teamwork requires employees to be creative, flexible, and possess good interpersonal and managerial skills. The reference to interpersonal skills points to yet another reason for the changes in the employability skill needs of todays workplace: the increasingly multicultural nature of the workforce. Corporations have also changed colors. Good interpersonal skills will be more in demand the more multicultural the workforce becomes. A final reason for the increased interest in equipping young people with basic, higher-order, and affective skills is the growing awareness of what happens when great numbers of people lack these qualifications. Employability skills are the attitudes and behaviours of employees (other than technical competence), that employers see as valuable in the actual work place. These employability skills include reading, basic arithmetic and other basic skills like problem solving, decision making, and other higher-order thinking skills as well as dependability, a positive attitude, cooperativeness, and other human skills that make an employer a contributor to the company and not like an rotten egg in a corner when clients come. We will write a custom essay sample on Skills and employability requirements of today or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Employability Skills are not job specific. They are skills which cut horizontally across all employment sectors and vertically across all jobs from entry level to chief executive officer. Although the critical employability skills identified by employers vary considerably in the way they are organized, there is a great deal of agreement among the skills and traits identified. The concept of Employability has recently gained recognition in the corporate world. Employability is the ability of an individual to be employed. It is an individualââ¬â¢s capability to get employment not only because he has a degree also because he possesses skills and competencies and carries an attitude which is required to work with integrity and commitment. Employability skills, as they are known, are the basic skills which are necessary for doing a job well. These skills enable a worker to take initiatives, adopt a problem solving approach, make sound and critical decisions and contribute to the organizational growth. In contrast to technical skills which are job specific, employability skills are generic in nature. Employers value these skills over and above the job specific skills. It is understood that Communication Skills is a problem area. Therefore it did not come as too much of a surprise to find that as far as Communication Skills of the students in most of the colleges are considered, 80% of them do not meet the qualifying criteria. However, it is quite ironical that most of out of the 20% who are fine as far as communication skills are concerned, do not actually end up getting hired because of either lack of problem solving skills or technical skills. Proficiency in communication skills is considered more of a ââ¬Ëqualifying criteriaââ¬â¢ than selection criteria for technical roles in the industry. The study also showed that if communication skills are not considered for qualification / selection, the percentage of employable students will raise from 7 to 13%. Emerging work place described above demands a set of new generic skills for maintaining employability. In addition to job-specific technical competencies, there is a requirement of a set of generic skills, which are generic to a cluster of occupations in order to perform competently as knowledge worker. Generic skills are required by all workers. However, the extent by which these skills need to be possessed varies from one occupational grouping to another. These skills are independent of sector, underpin technical skills, draw on personal attributes and once combined with job-specific skills, can optimize individualââ¬â¢s productivity. Specific occupational skills are augmented to growing cognitive skills. These skills are essential for effective participation in the emerging patterns of work and work organizations. In this paper, various list of skills for emerging knowledge economy and the basic requirement for the todayââ¬â¢s organisation. Problem Statements: The research suggests that most employers find it difficult to recruit suitable number of graduates who can communicate while working in a team, analyse problem or manage their individual learning of new skills. One of the most direct causes to this problem is the scarcity of quality graduates in the labour market, the graduates are accused for not being able to suit the graduatesââ¬â¢ labour market needs. Employers recognize the number of technical skills possessed by graduates but not that of the non-technical skills (some call it employability skills) as the employers realize that non-technical skills are not strongly embraced by graduates. Ultimately, most of employers are looking for people who are proactive rather than reactive and want graduates who can use higher level skills such as analysis, critique, synthesis and multi layered communication to facilitate innovative teamwork in catalyzing the transformation of their organisation. While 90 per cent of the industries want candidates with some level of skill, nine per cent want some knowledge. Only one per cent wants both skill and knowledge. Rationale of the study In fact, business and industry representatives in both developed and developing countries have expressed considerable dissatisfaction with the general level of preparedness of entry-level employees. Interviews with job applicants support this finding. More than half of the graduates leave school without the knowledge or foundation required to find and hold a good job. This does not refer to technical or specific jobs skills but to employability skills such as attitudes, self discipline and a commitment to learning. Employers complain that new hires usually have: (i) unclear direction and goals with very little understanding of their career path; (ii) low self confidence and poor motivation; (iii) low level of academic accomplishment with very inadequate basic skills; (iv) lack of drive and enthusiasm for the work; (v) undeveloped leadership potential; (vi) inadequate preparation for work; (vii) unrealistic salary and benefits expectations. While most employers expect to train new employees in company-specific procedures and to acquaint them with the behavioural norms, standards, and expectations in their company (the Brand) as well as job-specific technical skills required, they are very clear that the schools and family should take most of the responsibility for equipping young people with general employability skills. Review of literature If things progress as they are, India is certain to face a talent gap- the lack of right skills for the job required of more than 5 million by 2012, as existing educational institutions do not impart employable skills. If training has to deliver job-level skills in an increasingly globalised world, strong industry leadership and engagement with skills training, qualification and assessment framework is essential. India has a huge brand name internationally in supplying skilled manpower. According to one estimate, at any point of time, around five million Indians work abroad. With its demographic advantage and the large pool of English speaking people, India can well provide the solution to the worlds skills shortage problem. But, what is needed is a holistic approach to address the problem of skills shortage within the country. A recent report published by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) has estimated that India would face talent gap- the lack of right skills for the job required of more than 5 million by 2012, as existing educational institutions do not impart employable skills. The report titled, Indias Demographic Dilemma brings out the fact the $1. 1-trillion economy will have a shortfall of 750,000 skilled workers over the next five years. On the other side, there will be a surplus of 1. 3 million unskilled and unqualified school dropouts and illiterates. It is rightly said that unemployment among educated youth may be caused by a variety of factors. It might be that the economic more specifically the job market conditions are such that enough jobs are not created to absorb all the educated manpower. This may happen under recession, slow-down or even under job-less growth. Alternatively, the number of educated unemployed may rise due to a mismatch between knowledge and skills that are imparted by the educational institutions on the one hand and what is required by industry on the other. It is this second situation that puts the blame squarely on the education sector and that is, in fact, the phase through which we are passing in contemporary times. We are loaded with a situation where industry is lamenting skill shortage and at the same time we have educated youth complaining of non-availability of jobs. The National Skill Development Policy, approved by the Cabinet, under the National Skills Development Mission aims at empowering all individuals through improved skills, knowledge and internationally recognised qualifications to enable them access to decent employment and to promote inclusive national growth. Apart from upgrading the existing government ITIs, the government has also launched the Skill Development Initiative Scheme to train one million people in the next five years and then one million every year. Training will be provided in demand-driven, short-term courses, based on modular employable skills and the cost will be borne by the Central Government. Research Objectives 1. To identify the skills that are claimed to be essential for employment by employers. 2. To identify the important employability skills perceived by students. Dealing with the complaints arising from employees highlighting the lack of employability skills among graduates, there is a need to find out what are the skills that are actually required. 3. To identify the employers lagging in basic skills like that of analytical skills and communication skills which is the basic requirement to exist in a workplace. Skills that employers value most in a prospective employee The employability skills include reading and writing skills, knowledge of basic arithmetic, oral as well as written communication skills, logical reasoning, problem solving and decision making. These skills make an employee an asset to the organization. Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ACCI) has developed a framework for employability skills. These key skills are identified in combination with the personal attributes to make up a best prospect. They include: Communication skills that contribute to productive and harmonious relations between employees and customers. Team work skills that contribute to productive working relationships and outcomes. Problem-solving skills that contribute to productive outcomes. Initiative and enterprise skills that contribute to innovative outcomes. Planning and organizing skills that contributes to long-term and short-term strategic planning. Self-management skills that contribute to employee satisfaction and growth. Learning skills that contribute to ongoing improvement and expansion in employee and company operations and outcomes. Technology skills that contribute to effective execution of tasks. These skills are sometimes classified into basic, higher order thinking and affective skill categories. Findings Skills development is major initiative that tries to reach out to those people who need the most. All they need is to get some skills so that they stand on their own feet. They are willing to work and improve their life through their own efforts, but they need that little help of giving them some skills with which they can carve their own destiny. Conclusion If basic skills and employability exist in todayââ¬â¢s employees, then: 1. Industry-academic collaboration It could act as industry-academic collaboration platform for employability enhancement of the students and exposing students strength to employers which will help right students get right jobs. It will provide industry-driven employability skills training comprising classroom sessions, e-learning, self-assessment, internship and project opportunities. It will also extend employability skills assessment and certification, placement aggregation services for enterprises and institutions, placement management and campus recruitment management. 2. Lesser time to hire It would take lesser time to hire, reduce cost for learning and development activities, reduce time to bill for the campus hire and identify suitable students for internship positions and project requirements. Versatility For small units, ââ¬Å"versatility is the key aspectâ⬠and ââ¬Å"basic knowledge of the particular industry is a must. â⬠The report from CII states that during 2011, the initiative for employability is expected to benefit around 2,000 students from 15 colleges and also 50 companies. While 100 hours of training will be prescribed, 40 hours would be for domain skills and 60 for soft skills training which includes business communication, placement preparation, etc. The current curriculum for domain skills will focus on IT, manufacturing and e-publishing industry. As employability skills have become important in modern workplaces as one of the greatest concerns of an organization is to fill the gaps in skills required on the job and those possessed by applicants. Employers today are looking for more than just technical skills and knowledge of a degree. They particularly value skills such as communication, team working and problem solving. Job applicants who can demonstrate these skills have a real advantage. The Initiatives Taken So Far In the plight of increasing unemployment, both employers and government have come forward to take initiatives for increasing employability among labor force. The very first step towards the same took place when ââ¬Å"The School of Employabilityâ⬠formally run by the Reliance division NIS Sparta, was launched in Chennai in 2006. Such training schools have enhanced the employability of fresh graduates by equipping them with the necessary skills. Apart from this, NASSCOM has launched various Assessment and Certification Programs and Pilot Programs which ensure the transformation of labor force into an employable workforce. Moreover, it had also organized a one day event on ââ¬Å"Employability for the Disabledâ⬠early this year. This event focused on assessing the employability needs of disabled and providing new opportunities to them. Companies like Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) are taking pre and post employment initiatives for enhancing employability. The ââ¬Å"On-Campus Initiativesâ⬠of TCS focus on curriculum development and faculty development programs, enhancing studentsââ¬â¢ language skills, providing experience through internships and projects. On the other hand ââ¬Å"Post-employment Initiativesâ⬠include providing initial training (technology, process and soft skills) during induction, ongoing training throughout employeeââ¬â¢s career and employeeââ¬â¢s career development plan. TCS also offers an ââ¬ËInsighT programmeââ¬â¢ to school students, which focuses on IT and soft skills. The programme is aimed at providing an overview of the skills required in the IT industry. Many such initiatives are being taken by other organizations. Keeping in view the importance of employability of labor force, itââ¬â¢s now time to ensure quality education and focus on honing the employability skills right from the school. There is a huge gap in the availability of employable skill and how to bridge this gap still remains a question.
Monday, April 20, 2020
My Reaction To The Character Of Mrs. Mallard Essays -
My Reaction To The Character Of Mrs. Mallard In ?The Story of an Hour,? Kate Chopin describes to her readers a young woman's response to her husband's death, or at least his presumed death. The opinions readers will draw from this story will vary from person to person due to personal experiences. The experience and wisdom that I have gained through the trails and tribulations of my life help me to understand, relate, and even despise Mrs. Mallard's character. On one hand, I feel pity for Mrs. Mallard. I think she felt trapped in a situation that she found to be inescapable. She felt lonely, restless, and did not know how to help herself. Yet, on the other hand, I do not feel sorry for her character. Almost immediately after finding out that her husband is dead, she rejoices at her newfound freedom. I think that her actions portray in her a selfish and cowardly nature. The story takes place in the late nineteenth century, a time when women had very limited rights. Mrs. Mallard, a young woman who has a bad heart, plays the main character in this story. She receives news that her husband has been killed in a railroad accident. Mrs. Mallard is shocked and bewildered by the death of her husband. However, the feeling of bewilderment is only a temporary feeling that quickly leads to an overwhelming sense of freedom. A freedom she has desperately longed for. Yet, shortly after receiving the news of her husbands death there is a knock at the door. Upon opening the door, she discovers that her husband is not dead, for he is standing in the doorway alive and well. Mr. Mallard's appearance causes his wife to die. ?[T]he doctors ? said she [has] died of heart disease ? of joy that kills? (12). However, I believe that she dies because she realizes that she will never be free. In addition, I believe this fact disappoints her to the point where she seems to feel that life is not worth living without freedom. I think Mrs. Mallard felt trapped in her marriage, a marriage where communication no longer existed. I believe this caused her to feel very alone and restless in her marriage. In the late nineteenth century, women basically had little or no rights. It was thought that women's sole purpose in society was to marry, have children, and to care for their family and household. Women of this era were not allowed to satisfy their own wants and desires. Therefore, we can assume that Mrs. Mallard got married at a young age. This fact, along with the crumbling of her marriage caused her to feel lost in a world where she knew not even herself. The fact that she was unable to experience life for herself resulted in her yearning desire for independence. These explanations contributed to Mrs. Mallard's overwhelming enjoyment of her newfound freedom. I know how it is to feel trapped in a relationship that is going bad. One feels there is no reasonable way out; this can cause a person to become lonely and impatient for independence. The fact that I have experienced a similar situation enables me to relate to the character of Mrs. Mallard and can justify the feelings of sympathy and compassion I have towards her. In addition, I know how exciting it is to be able to experience life, adventures, and independence. In this way, I understand Mrs. Mallard's irrepressible feeling of joy at her newfound liberation. On the other hand, I feel that the instant happiness that Mrs. Mallard finds in her husband's death is disturbing. This instant joy portrays the character of Mrs. Mallard as insensitive, selfish, and cowardly. The fact that Mrs. Mallard spent no more than a few moments mourning the presumed death of her husband depicts her character as heartless. She almost instantly converts her train of thought from mourning the death of her husband to rejoicing in her new life and newfound freedom. This conversion of thought shows the selfish aspect of her character. The fact Mrs. Mallard did not try to work out her problems with her husband exposes the cowardly side of her character. Instead, she
Sunday, March 15, 2020
Two Film Techniques Used in essays
Two Film Techniques Used in essays The composer of the film, Witness, uses various film techniques to illustrate the contrast between the English world and the Amish way of life. Two techniques that stand out from the rest in this film are the dialogue, and the camera angles from which every scene is taken. The dialogue between the actors is an essential film technique because without it, it would be impossible for the audience to understand the films plot/theme. In this film, the dialogue is used to reveal little details about the Amish way of life, so that even some audiences who are not aware of this group of people will learn something new about the Amish. We discovered that the Amish are different in that they are very religious and they take every word of the Bible literally. We hear Rachel Lapp and Eli telling John Book to adjust to their way of life while he is living with them. We also witness the indifference displayed by the English in the scene where a group of disrespectful teenagers were harassing the Amish. We hear one of the teenagers saying Watch out, hell hit you with a bible. This clearly shows their prejudice towards the Amish. How the actors recite their lines also helps to show the difference between the English and the Amish, we would not hear Rachel or Eli or Samuel swearing or using slang words as they seem to be very proper and honest. Half-body shots are used throughout the film to allow us to generally observe how the Amish act around people from inside and outside their group. From here, we see that the Amish do not believe in violence, they will try as hard as possible to solve any arguments with a possible mutual agreement. Close up shots are used to show the expression of the Amish when they are surprised, happy, etc. These shots are usually followed by half-body shots or full-body shots to reveal what it is that cause them to have such expression o ...
Friday, February 28, 2020
Biology Unit 4 IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Biology Unit 4 IP - Research Paper Example Moreover, alveoli are destroyed due to the destruction of gas exchange surface area and airway flexibility. Furthermore, vascular changes take place in the small arteries and capillaries of the alveoli and bronchioles. Additionally, the cells of the bronchial tree undergo inflammation, which results in squamous metaplasia, fibrosis and hypertrophy of smooth muscle (Robinson & Scullion, 2009, p. 545). Air that has been infused with oxygen is drawn into the lungs during the inhalation stage of respiration, and then it reaches the alveoli. At that place, blood with high carbon dioxide content, which has coursed through the body comes into contact with the oxygen enriched air. This takes place in the capillaries that enclose each alveolus. At that place, oxygen in the air is exchanged with the carbon dioxide in the blood (Brannon & Feist, 2009, p. 309). Smoking causes emphysema, which damages the alveoli to the extent that the surface area for the aforementioned exchange of oxygen from the inhaled air and the carbon dioxide in the blood that has circulated through the body, is substantially reduced. Moreover, this damage prevents the flow of sufficient blood to the unaffected alveoli. The outcome is an impaired respiratory mechanism, which in turn increases the carbon dioxide levels in the blood (Brannon & Feist, 2009, p. 311). The risk of pneumonia and other acute respiratory ailments are significantly enhanced by smoking (Duaso & Duncan, 2012, p. 356). Smoking has been identified as the single most important cause for cardiovascular disease. It is now well established that smoking significantly increases the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and stroke (Duaso & Duncan, 2012, p. 358). The most common association of cigarette smoking is lung cancer, and as much as 90% of the incidence of lung cancer has been correlated to smoking. In addition, evidence
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